GCF IL1-ß profiles in periodontal disease

Aim of the study

Studies have suggested a genetic influence on the levels of IL1-ß crevicular fluid. However, levels are also dependent on the local clinical parameters. Here, the aim is to evaluate the IL1-ß in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients presenting with periodontal disease of varying severities.

Materials and methods

The levels of IL1-ß in GCF was measured by the ELISA method in 29 non-smoking patients. Samples were taken at baseline, 2 and 24 weeks after scaling and root planing. Clinical indices were also recorded.

Results

The depths of the pockets and levels of attachment strongly correlated with the initial level of IL1-ß. Patients suffering from severe periodontitis had higher levels of IL1-ß for each category of pocket depth. The level of IL1-ß reduced significantly after 2 and 24 weeks in the moderate periodontitis group. At 24 weeks IL1-ß returned to baseline levels in patients with severe disease.

Conclusion

While pocket depth and level of attachment are associated with an increase in the level of IL1-ß in GCF, patients with severe disease showed high levels in their shallower pockets. These observations suggest that the expression of GCF IL1-ß is, in part, a host trait.

Commentary

This study was carried out before the periodontitis-associated IL1-ß genotype was reported.